Φωτορυπανση

Abstract

Outdoor lighting has become a necessary integral part of society. Light pollution is a by-product of outdoor lighting. In many areas light pollution has become an important aspect of both planning and design. Neighborhoods are becoming more sensitive to the stray light that is being directed towards their property and windows. Astronomers and observatories are becoming more concerned with the increase in the sky glow around urban areas. It has been estimated by some researchers that up to 50% of all light pollution may be the result of roadway lighting.Light pollution can be reduced by lighting only what is actually needed, when it is needed, and to the appropriate level. This document discusses the three elements of light pollution, which are sky glow, light trespass, and glare, and gives examples and recommendations for minimizing or eliminating the undesirable effects of each element when designing and using outdoor lighting.