Application of Quantum Computing Techniques and Quantum Information Theory in Plasma Physics

Abstract

The prospect that, for a range of problems, quantum computers could be exponentially faster than conventional computers has led to an enhanced interest in quantum computer sciences. Naturally, this raises the question of identifying suitable physical problems that can leverage these quantum resources for alternative numerical approaches. In this direction, the present thesis aims to explore integrating Maxwell equations within the quantum computation and information framework, focusing on electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in magnetized plasmas and complex media. However, the goal is not to chase after a so called ``quantum advantage'' as it cannot be actually verified and tested in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Instead, the objective is to identify the possibilities, limitations, and quantum resources required for a future quantum implementation of a realistic contemporary physical problem closely related to magnetic confinement fusion.This thesis is structured as follows: Chapter1 provides a brief overview of the motivation and current research status of quantum computing for plasma physics, along with the general objectives and vision of the manuscript. Chapter 2 introduces fundamental perquisites from quantum mechanics and quantum computing and algorithms to open quantum systems. Chapter 3 encompasses all the theoretical elements and insights, as well as the quantum algorithmic techniques required to eventually arrive in Chapter 4. There, a systematic approach to quantum representation and simulation simulation of Maxwell equations in complex media and magnetized plasmas is presented. Finally, Chapter 5 assesses the impact of the proposed research on both "quantum for plasmas" and "plasmas for quantum" perspectives and provides suggestions and open problems for future research and improvements.